Risk level

Safety and security

Cabo Delgado province

Militants continue to be active in several northern districts of Cabo Delgado. Violent clashes between militants and security forces occur frequently. Staged attacks against populated areas have targeted both security forces and civilians. Militants have burned villages, raided police stations, and conducted roadside ambushes and attacks with machetes and firearms against residents. This has resulted in hundreds of casualties and more than one million displaced persons.

There is a continued threat of kidnapping and criminal activity, such as contraband smuggling and illegal mining, in the entire province.

The Government of Canada’s ability to provide consular assistance to Canadians in Cabo Delgado Province is extremely limited.

Expect a heightened security presence in Cabo Delgado, especially in the northern and central districts.

Nampula Province – Erati and Memba districts

Militants have committed attacks in the Erati and Memba districts in the Nampula province.

The situation is unpredictable and security forces have increased their presence throughout these areas. 

Sofala Province 

The security situation has improved significantly since the peace agreement signed between local political parties in August 2019 and the closure of the last military base in Gorongosa in 2023.

The district elections scheduled for 2024 could still lead to civil unrest.

Border with South Africa

Increased traffic along the highway leading to and from the land border with South Africa has led to:

• frequent traffic congestion
• border crossing delays
• an increase in road accidents, robberies, theft and assaults targeting truck drivers and travellers.

If you cross at this land border:

• expect long line-ups and delays
• plan your trip accordingly
• keep your windows and doors locked at all times

Crime

Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, muggings and purse snatching, occurs regularly in Mozambique, especially in Maputo. Travellers have been targeted at all hours of the day. Criminals will especially target individuals walking alone at night with bags, purses or visible items of value such as cell phones.

Theft of vehicle parts is frequent, especially around the holiday season, and occurs in these locations:

• shopping centers
• hotels
• transportation hubs

During your trip:

• ensure that your personal belongings, including your passport and other travel documents, are secure at all times
• avoid showing signs of affluence or wearing expensive jewellery
• avoid leaving valuables in cars
• park your car in a secure area
• avoid walking alone in isolated areas, especially at night, even in well-known tourist areas
• stay in reputable hotels with good security measures

Violent crime

Violent crime, such as armed robbery and home burglary, occurs in and around large cities such as:

• Maputo/Matola
• Beira
• Nampula
• Nacala

During your trip:

• avoid travelling alone, especially at night
• keep your doors and windows locked at all times
• if threatened by robbers, don’t resist

Tourists are usually not targeted, however you could be at the wrong place at the wrong time.

Terrorism

There is a threat of terrorism, particularly in certain parts of the Cabo Delgado and Nampula provinces where insurgent militants continue to operate and commit attacks. Militants are especially active in the central and northern districts of Mocimboa de Praia, Macomia, Muidumbe and Palma.

Further attacks are likely.

Targets could include:

• vehicle convoys travelling between towns
• pedestrians and civilian residences in rural villages
• government buildings, including schools
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks
• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places.

Kidnapping

Kidnapping for ransom occurs in larger cities such as Maputo City, Matola and Beira.

While most victims are locals perceived as wealthy, foreigners have been targeted. Kidnappers frequently operate during the day.

Kidnappings also occur regularly in Cabo Delgado province. Foreign nationals and workers have been targeted. Further incidents are likely.

• Be aware of your surroundings at all times
• Change your travel patterns regularly
• Avoid showing signs of affluence
• If threatened by kidnappers, do not resist

Fraud

Credit card and ATM fraud occurs including incidents of card cloning. When using your debit or credit cards: 

• pay careful attention when your cards are being handled by others when making payments
• use ATMs located in well-lit public areas or inside a bank or business
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

Overseas fraud

Cybersecurity

Cybercrime, malware attacks and online extortion may occur in Mozambique.

Cybercriminals can compromise public Wi-Fi networks to steal personal data or credit information.

They can also monitor social media and listen to your phone conversations.

• Avoid shopping on unencrypted websites
• Be cautious when posting information on social media
• Be especially cautious if you decide to meet someone you met online
• Be wary of unsolicited emails offering attractive business opportunities
• Don't click on suspicious links that ask for your banking information in an e-mail or text message

Demonstrations

Demonstrations and civil unrest are taking place frequently. They can lead to violence and confrontations with security forces. Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. Security forces may use tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse crowds. Demonstrations can also lead to significant disruptions to traffic and public transportation. Authorities may impose curfews and restrict movement without notice. Telecommunication and Internet access may also be disrupted.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Women's safety

Women travelling alone may be subject to some forms of harassment and verbal abuse.

Advice for women travellers

Road safety

Road safety varies considerably across the country. Fatal accidents are common, and they often involve pedestrians. Fuel stations are rare in rural areas and police assistance can be unreliable.

Road conditions

Road conditions can vary greatly throughout the country. The streets are paved in Maputo and major cities but are usually crowded and narrow. Highways in the south and west of the country are generally well maintained but can be affected by seasonal weather conditions.

Driving conditions may be hazardous during the rainy season from December to April, and sometimes near-zero visibility poses a threat. You may need a four-wheel-drive vehicle to travel outside cities and off major highways.

Driving outside major cities can also be dangerous due to:

• lack of guardrails
• inadequate or non-existing street lighting
• lack of signage
• pedestrians walking on main roads
• stray livestock

Driving habits

Drivers often don't respect traffic laws. They often drive at excessive speeds and have little consideration for pedestrians and other drivers' right of way. Drinking and driving may occur at any time of the day or night.

After a car accident, a large crowd may gather at the scene of the incident and become hostile. If this happens, get away from the scene and go to the nearest police station.

On the road in Mozambique:

• keep doors locked and windows closed at all times
• don't expect drivers to look out for pedestrians
• avoid travelling after dark, especially outside of major urban areas
• carry a cellphone and a charger with you
• maintain a full tank of gas
• keep a supply of water and non-perishable snacks

Checkpoints

Police checkpoints are common throughout the country. Only national police officers have the authority to establish checkpoints.

Traffic law enforcement consists of stationary traffic police officers on foot. They randomly stop vehicles for inspections or identification. Failure to produce identification documents can result in a large fine.

• Be prepared to present copies of your identification documents
• Don’t challenge the authority of requesting officials

Extortion

There are reports of widespread corruption among the police ranks. Police officers sometimes try to extort drivers and pedestrians by threatening detention or confiscating identity documents. If you don’t carry proper documentation, the police may attempt to bribe you. They may also ask for items or tips.

If police threaten you with a fine:

• remain calm and courteous but firm
• show original documents but keep them in your possession
• try to cooperate by following the instructions of the police to avoid escalation
• ask for a clear explanation of the offence and a written fine that can be paid at a police station
• don’t pay a bribe or tips to anyone

Public transportation

Public transportation is limited.

Buses

Privately owned minibuses, known as chapas, are often overcrowded and poorly maintained. They are frequently involved in fatal accidents.

Private intercity buses are available, especially to South African destinations. They are often better maintained and only operate on roads in good conditions.

Taxis

Taxis are widely available.

If you use a taxi in Mozambique:

• avoid hailing it on the street
• only use registered taxis from reputable providers, preferably arranged through your hotel
• avoid yellow and green taxis, in which there are reports of thefts
• ensure that there is no other passenger in the car

Train

Domestic rail service is overcrowded and slow.

Piracy

Pirate attacks and armed robbery against ships occur in coastal waters of the Indian Ocean. Mariners should take appropriate precautions.

Live piracy report - International Maritime Bureau

Air travel

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Entry and exit requirements

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from Mozambican authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the Foreign Representatives in Canada.

Passport

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave Mozambique.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Visas

Tourist visa: not required for stays up to 90 days per year
Business visa: not required for stays up to 90 days per year
Work visa: required
Student visa: required
Residency visa  required

You can apply for a visa at the nearest embassy or consulate of Mozambique.

Tourist and business visa exemption

Canadian tourists or business travelers may be exempt from applying for a visa under certain conditions. This exemption applies to stays up to 90 consecutive or interrupted days per year.

Trips of more than 30 days may require an extension of stay from immigration authorities. Administrative fees may apply. If your passport has less than 6 months validity, Mozambican authorities may refuse to extend your visa exemption.

Upon arrival, you must provide:

• a return or onward ticket
• a passport valid for at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave Mozambique
• fees payment of 650 Mozambican meticais, paid by card or cash
• proof of accommodation (a hotel reservation or a written invitation from your host)

Visa pre-authorizations

If you’re not eligible for the visa exemption, you can apply for an e-visa pre-authorization for certain types of visas through the Government of Mozambique’s e-visa portal.

Visa pre-authorizations are only available for the following types of visas:

• crew member travel
• humanitarian assistance efforts
• sports and cultural activity participation
• border and investment.

Visa pre-authorizations are not guaranteed visas. Upon arrival to Mozambique, you must submit all required documents to immigration authorities for a final decision.

You can pay the fees on arrival with a credit card or local currency.

E-visa portal– Government of Mozambique

Other entry requirements

Customs officials may ask you to show them a return or onward ticket and proof of accommodation.

Make sure customs officials properly inspect and stamp your passport and visa upon entry to avoid possible fines when leaving the country. If you overstay your authorized visa period, you may be fined for each day you illegally reside in Mozambique. 

Children and travel

If you are transiting by road through South Africa with children under the age of 18, you may be subject to special entry requirements.

Useful links

• Entry requirements for South Africa
• Travelling with children

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Health

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your routine vaccinations, as per your province or territory, are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette, which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•  washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medical services and facilities

Health care is limited throughout the country.

Basic medical facilities are available.  Most physicians and medical providers don’t speak English or French. They expect immediate cash payment.

You may require medical evacuation to South Africa in case of serious illness or injury.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Health and safety outside Canada

Medication 

Some prescription medications may not be available in Mozambique.

If you take prescription medications, you’re responsible for determining their legality in the country.

• Bring sufficient quantities of your medication with you
• Always keep your medication in the original container
• Pack them in your carry-on luggage
• Carry a copy of your prescriptions

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a travel health kit, especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

Laws and culture

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad.

Drugs

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and heavy fines.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Photography

Photography of sensitive installations is prohibited. This includes:

• military sites
• government buildings
• bridges, harbours and airports

Seek permission before taking photos of official buildings and individuals. 

Identification

Local authorities may request to see your ID at any time.

• Carry valid identification or a photocopy of it at all times
• Keep a photocopy of your passport in a safe place in case it’s lost or seized
• Keep a digital copy of your ID and travel documents

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Mozambique.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Mozambique, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements.

Dual citizens

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Mozambique.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Mozambique by an abducting parent:

• act as quickly as you can
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Mozambique to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.

Useful links

• International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
• Children and travel
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Request emergency assistance

Driving

Traffic drives on the left.

You must have third-party insurance, which you can obtain at any port of entry.

All cars must be equipped with:

• two reflective triangles
• a reflective vest that you must wear when repairing, loading or unloading a vehicle

You must carry an International Driving Permit.

International Driving Permit

Dress and behaviour

To avoid offending local sensitivities:

• dress conservatively
• behave discreetly
• respect religious and social traditions

Money

The currency in Mozambique is the metical (MZN). The import or export of local currency is limited to a small amount of MZN.

When entering Mozambique, you must declare the amounts exceeding 10,000.00 USD or 10000 meticals in your possession. This includes:

• bank notes
• cheques
• traveller’s cheques

The U.S. dollar and South African rand are the easiest currencies to exchange in banks or exchange bureaus. Only use authorized currency exchange bureaus.

Credit cards are widely accepted in larger cities. However, most businesses outside major cities only accept payment in meticals, U.S. dollars or South African rand.

Hotels often only accept foreign currency.

Natural disasters and climate

Rainy season

The rainy season extends from November to April. Seasonal flooding can hamper overland travel and reduce the provision of essential services. Roads may become impassable and bridges, damaged.

• Monitor local news and weather reports
• Follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders

Mozambique National Meteorology Institute (INAM) – Government of Mozambique (in Portuguese)  

Cyclones

Cyclones occur mainly along the coast from November to April. If you decide to travel to Mozambique during this time:

• know that you expose yourself to serious safety risks
• be prepared to change your travel plans on short notice, including cutting short or cancelling your trip
• stay informed of the latest regional weather forecasts
• carry emergency contact information for your airline or tour operator

Useful links

• Tornadoes, cyclones, hurricanes, typhoons and monsoons
• Large-scale emergencies abroad

Heat waves and droughts

Humidity and heat may be most severe during the hot season, from November to April. Mozambique is also subject to periods of drought.