Namibia travel advice

Risk level

Disclaimer

The features in this map do not constitute an authoritative source of geographical information. This map is solely intended to assist Canadians by illustrating the risk levels contained in the Travel Advice and Advisories for this destination. The features in this map do not necessarily represent the views of the Canadian government on international boundaries, nomenclature or political status. The text under the Risk levels section takes precedence over this map.

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Namibia travel advice

Disclaimer

The features in this map do not constitute an authoritative source of geographical information. This map is solely intended to assist Canadians by illustrating the risk levels contained in the Travel Advice and Advisories for this destination. The features in this map do not necessarily represent the views of the Canadian government on international boundaries, nomenclature or political status. The text under the Risk levels section takes precedence over this map.

Safety and security

Border with Angola

Exercise a high degree of caution along the Namibia-Angola border due to the risk of banditry and the presence of poachers. The border is not always clearly marked. Do not trespass and cross only at official border crossings.

Landmines

Namibia completed its demining efforts and declared itself mine-free in 2001; however, residual landmines and unexploded ordnance from past conflicts could still pose hazards in the border area between Katwitwi (a village on the Okavango River in Kavango West Region) and Kongola (a town in Zambezi Region).

• Stay on paved and main roads 
• Cross only at official border crossings
• Pay attention to signs indicating the possible presence of landmines

Crime

Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing, bag snatching and cell phone theft, occurs frequently.

Theft occurs frequently in:  

• popular tourist areas
• crowded places, including urban shopping areas
• vehicles, especially unattended vehicles at gas stations
• ATMs and surrounding areas

During your trip: 

• avoid walking outside after dark
• keep your personal belongings, including your passport and your other travel documents, in a secure place 
• avoid showing signs of affluence or wearing expensive jewellery 
• never leave personal belongings unattended in a vehicle, even in the trunk 
• be extra cautious when withdrawing cash from ATMs and only use those located in well-lit public areas or inside a bank or business

Violent crime

Violent crime occurs, particularly in Windhoek. Incidents include:

• muggings
• burglaries
• carjackings

During your stay:

• avoid isolated areas
• keep your accommodation doors and windows closed and locked at all times 
• keep your car doors and windows closed and locked, especially in heavy traffic
• do not stop on the road to offer help to others
• keep valuables out of sight and reach
• if confronted, remain calm and avoid actions that could escalate the situation

Demonstrations

Demonstrations are rare and occur mostly in Windhoek.

Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Credit card and ATM fraud

Credit card copying in some hotels and lodges occurs.

When using your debit or credit card:

• always keep your credit card in sight when paying by card
• do not accept unsolicited assistance and cancel the transaction if anything seems suspicious
• pay careful attention when others are handling your cards
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature
• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN
• Check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements

Useful links

Overseas fraud

Cybersecurity while travelling

National parks and nature reserves

Many national parks and nature reserves are in remote areas with limited emergency services. Wild animals often venture within boundaries of camps.

If you decide to visit parks and reserves:

• Only use reputable and professional guides or tour operators
• Follow the advice and warnings of local tour guides and camp employees
• Do not walk around at night
• Never leave children unattended

Wildlife observation

Wild animals can be dangerous, particularly if you are on foot or at close range. Monkeys, especially baboons, may aggressively confront sightseers in search of food, sometimes overwhelming them.

• Always maintain a safe distance when observing wildlife
• Only exit a vehicle when a professional guide or warden says it’s safe to do so
• Closely follow park rules and warden’s advice

Desert expeditions

Desert expeditions or trekking can be dangerous, especially if they are not well organized. Trails are not usually marked, and weather conditions can change rapidly.

If you undertake desert expeditions:

• never do so alone and always hire an experienced guide from a reputable company
• travel in a 4 x 4 vehicle
• buy travel insurance that includes helicopter rescue and medical evacuation
• ensure that your physical condition is good enough to meet the challenges of your activity
• ensure that you have proper equipment and bring sufficient water
• know the symptoms of dehydration and heatstroke, both of which can be fatal
• monitor weather conditions and other possible hazards 
• share your itinerary with a friend or family member, including when you expect to be back

Roads

Road safety

There are major road safety issues in Namibia. Fatal accidents are common and are often related to excessive speed on gravel roads. Tourists are often involved in single-vehicle accidents. Emergency and roadside assistance is unreliable or non-existent outside Windhoek.

Road conditions

Avoid night-time driving outside urban centres.

Road conditions are generally good; however, most roads outside urban areas are gravel roads with sloping sand shoulders, typical of desert terrain. Some major roads are single-lane paved roads with no safety lane, increasing the risk of accident when driving too close to the edge.

Driving conditions deteriorate during the rainy season from November to March, when gravel roads become very slippery. A four-wheel-drive vehicle may be necessary to travel outside cities.

Driving can also be dangerous due to:

• stray animals
• inadequate or absent traffic signage
• debris striking windshields
• sandstorms that reduce visibility
• pedestrians on the road
• insufficient lighting
• vehicles not using their headlights
• poorly maintained vehicles

Travel to remote areas

Overland travel can take considerable time due to long distances. Infrastructure, including gas stations, hotels and restaurants, is limited outside urban centres. Cellular coverage can be unreliable in remote areas. Robberies have occurred in isolated locations, particularly at roadside rest stops, and at known birdwatching sites.

If you are planning to travel to remote areas: 

• travel during daylight hours only and in a convoy of at least two vehicles
• keep plenty of water on hand, as well as supplies of food, fuel and an emergency kit
• keep a second spare tire
• bring reliable means of communication and navigation, such as a satellite telephone or a VHF radio and a GPS
• avoid stopping at roadside rest stops or isolated areas
• during the rainy season, confirm with local authorities that the chosen route is passable

Roadblocks

Police roadblocks are common in Windhoek and around cities. Mobile checkpoints are also common on major highways.

• Be prepared to show your identification
• Follow the instructions of the police
• Remain calm and courteous

Women’s safety

Women travelling alone may be subject to some forms of harassment or verbal abuse.

Advice for women travellers

2SLGBTQI+ persons

Namibian law does not criminalize sexual acts between individuals of the same sex. However, this legal status is under judicial challenge and could be reversed.

Homosexuality is not socially accepted. 2SLGBTQI+ travellers should avoid public displays of affection and carefully consider the risks of travelling to Namibia.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Public transportation

Buses

Mini-buses are unsafe, overcrowded and frequently involved in accidents. You should avoid using mini-buses.

Intercity buses operated by reputable companies are generally safer.

Taxis

Taxi availability may be limited outside the cities of Windhoek and Swakopmund.

Foreigners have been robbed by taxi drivers.

If you decide to use taxis, you should:

• avoid hailing taxis on the street 
• use only registered taxis displaying the Namibia Bus and Taxi Association (NABTA) logo and selected by a reputable hotel or restaurant
• never share a taxi with strangers
• make sure the driver does not pick up other passengers along the way to your destination
• confirm the driver's identity and licence plate before getting into the car 
• negotiate the fare in advance
• have small bills available for payment

Air travel

We don't make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Entry and exit requirements

The authorities of a country or territory decide who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Namibian authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the Foreign Representatives in Canada.

Passport

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you're travelling with.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country's entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for a minimum of 6 months after the date you enter Namibia and have at least 3 blank pages.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, verify this information with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

You should also be aware that current systems used by some countries and travel companies may not recognize the “X” gender identifier. You may still be asked to provide your sex/gender information as either male or female when travelling.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, verify this information with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics
• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports and other travel documents

Visas

Tourist visa: required
Business visa: required
Student visa: required
Work visa: required

You can submit your tourist visa application online or on arrival at designated ports of entry, including:

• Hosea Kutako International Airport
• Walvis Bay International Airport
• main land border crossings

For all other visa types, you must submit your application in advance at a Namibian embassy or consulate.

Make sure the length of stay indicated on your entry stamp is valid for the duration of your stay (up to 90 days) and that immigration officials have given you a correctly dated entry stamp, as this will be checked upon departure.

E-Services – Ministry of Home Affairs, Immigration, Safety and Security of the Republic of Namibia

Extending your visa

Namibian authorities are very strict regarding visa validity. If you wish to stay in Namibia beyond your authorized period, apply for an extension at the Ministry of Home Affairs in Windhoek. The extension must be requested before your visa expires.

Overstaying can result in heavy fines, arrest, imprisonment or deportation.

Work permits

It is illegal to perform any type of work, including volunteering, on a tourist visa. To work or volunteer in Namibia, you must have a valid work permit. Convicted offenders could face heavy fines, imprisonment or deportation.

Other entry requirements

Customs officials may ask you to show them: 

• a return or onward ticket
• proof of accommodation
• proof of sufficient funds to cover your stay
• proof of health insurance coverage 

Children and travel

Learn about travelling with children.

Exit and entry requirements for minors under 18

When travelling to an international destination from Namibia, underage travellers must present:

If travelling with both parents:

• a valid passport
• a long-form birth certificate

If travelling with one parent:

• a valid passport
• a long-form birth certificate
• a letter of consent from the other parent or a copy of a death certificate where applicable

If travelling with other adults:

• a valid passport
• a long-form birth certificate
• a proof of consent from the biological parents or legal guardians in the form of a sworn affidavit for the child to travel internationally
• contact information for the child’s parents or legal guardians

If travelling alone:

• a valid passport
• a long-form birth certificate
• proof of consent from one or both parents or legal guardians in the form of a sworn affidavit for the child to travel abroad
• contact information of the child’s parents or legal guardians
• a letter from the person who is to receive the child, containing the residential address and contact details where the child will be residing
• a copy of the identity document of the person who is to receive the child. This could be: 
• a valid passport and visa
• a permanent residence permit

If you are transiting by road through South Africa with children under the age of 18, consult the entry/exit requirements for South Africa.

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Health

Routine vaccines

Make sure your routine vaccinations are up-to-date before you travel, no matter where you’re going.

These may include vaccines for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, varicella (chickenpox), meningococcal disease, seasonal flu, and others.

Provincial and Territorial Immunization Information

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

When travelling in this destination, you might be at risk for diseases that can be prevented with vaccines or medications. Talk to a travel health care provider about which ones are right for you based on your travel plans.

The highlights below will also tell you if your destination may require that vaccine for entering or exiting.

Safe food and water precautions

Eating or drinking unsafe food or water, or swimming in contaminated water can make you sick while travelling. Take precautions by following these tips:

• Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it (only eat food that is prepared safely)
• Avoid, if possible, getting water in your eyes, mouth, or nose when swimming in freshwater (like streams, lakes, or canals), especially after heavy rain or flooding - the water might look clean but can still be contaminated 
• Don’t swallow water when bathing, showering, swimming in pools, or using hot tubs 

Eat and drink safely abroad

Tick and insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by bites from infected ticks and insects like mosquitoes, fleas, or flies. Before you travel, find out what types of ticks or insects are in the area, when they’re most active, and what diseases they can spread.

To protect yourself from bites:

• use an approved bug spray (insect repellent) on exposed skin
• wear light-coloured, loose clothing made of tightly woven materials like nylon or polyester
• wear socks and closed-toe shoes
• sleep under mosquito netting if you’re outdoors or staying in places that aren’t fully enclosed
• do a full body tick check on yourself, your children, your gear, and any pets you’re travelling with when you return from outdoor activities

Insect bite and pest prevention
Personal insect repellents

Animal precautions

Some infections can spread directly from animals to people, like rabies or bird flu (avian influenza). Others don’t spread directly from animals but can infect people who visit areas animals have contaminated with their droppings or body fluids.

Certain activities can increase your chances of coming into contact with animals, their droppings, or their body fluids, like:

• travelling in rural or forested areas
• camping, hiking, or visiting caves
• visiting places where live animals are sold or killed for food, like wet markets

To reduce your risk of getting sick:

• avoid contact with animals like stray dogs, livestock (such as pigs and cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats.
• stay away from places where animal waste can build up, such as caves
• avoid eating undercooked meat

Make sure to closely watch children; they are more likely to try to touch animals.

Person-to-person infections

When travelling, you can reduce your risk of getting or spreading respiratory infections, like the flu or COVID-19, by:

• staying at your accommodation and limiting contact with others if you’re sick
• wearing a well-fitting mask, especially: 
  
  • if you’re sick and need to be around others 
  • when you’re at large indoor events or in crowded settings, like sporting events, concerts, and airports
• cleaning your hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or using hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol
• covering your coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow, not your hands

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)
Clean your hands to help reduce the spread of infectious diseases
Respiratory infectious diseases: How to reduce the spread with personal protective measures

To lower your risk of getting sexually transmissible infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox, you can:

• get vaccinated against mpox if you’re eligible
• practise safer sex methods
  • use barrier protection during sexual activity, like condoms and dental dams.

Mpox vaccines
Sexual health and travel
HIV and AIDS: Travel health advice

Medical services and facilities

Reputable private medical facilities are relatively modern in Windhoek. Outside the capital, well-equipped facilities are rarely available.

Upfront payment is generally required, even if you have medical insurance.

Ensure that your insurance policy covers all the activities that you plan to undertake, particularly in the case of extreme sports.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Health and safety outside Canada

Medication 

Some prescription medications may not be available in Namibia.

If you take prescription medications, you’re responsible for determining their legality in Namibia. 

• Bring enough medication for your stay
• Always keep your medication in the original container and carry a copy of your prescriptions
• Pack your medication in your carry-on luggage 

Travelling with medication 

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a travel health kit, especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

Laws and culture

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad.

Drugs

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe and include lengthy prison sentences.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Identification

Local authorities may request to see your identification at any time.

• Always carry photo identification
• Keep a photocopy of your passport and visa or travel permit in a safe place in case it’s lost or seized

Drones

You must obtain a permit from the Namibia Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) to import and operate a drone in Namibia. The permit approval process can take several weeks.

Remote piloting forms – Namibia Civil Aviation Authority

Exports

Namibia strictly regulates the exports of minerals, including diamonds, as well as cultural items and wildlife products.
Exporting restricted goods requires prior approval from the relevant local authorities.
Convicted offenders could face heavy fines and/or imprisonment.

Photography

Photography of sensitive installations is prohibited. This includes:

• military sites
• government buildings, including the President’s official residence
• airports and harbours

Seek permission before taking photos of individuals. 

Dress and behaviour

To avoid offending local sensitivities:

• dress conservatively
• behave discreetly
• respect religious and social traditions

Dual citizenship

If local authorities consider you a citizen of Namibia, they may refuse to grant you access to Canadian consular services. This may prevent us from being able to provide you with those services.

Dual citizens

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Namibia.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Namibia by an abducting parent:

• act as quickly as you can
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Namibia to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.

Useful links

• International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
• Children and travel
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Request emergency assistance

Driving

Traffic drives on the left.

You may drive in Namibia with your valid Canadian driver’s licence, provided it is in English.

However, and particularly if your licence is in French, it is strongly recommended that you obtain an International Driving Permit (IDP) in Canada before your departure, since it cannot be obtained once in Namibia.

Without an IDP, it can be extremely difficult to obtain car insurance for rentals. Insurance companies and rental car agencies may require an IDP or Namibian driver’s licence to honour insurance claims, even if such proof was not requested when purchasing the insurance policy.

If renting a car, pay particular attention to the insurance coverage. Many standard insurance policies do not cover single-vehicle accidents, which are the most common type in Namibia. Ensure that you have comprehensive insurance coverage.

Penalties for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs are severe. The legal blood alcohol limit is 0.079%.

A charge of homicide can be made against a driver involved in an accident resulting in death.

International Driving Permit

Money

The currency is the Namibian dollar (NAD). The South African rand (ZAR) is also accepted.

Major credit cards are widely accepted in cities, and most ATMs are linked to international networks. Cash is necessary outside urban centres and at gas stations.

Natural disasters and climate

Climate change

Climate change is affecting Namibia. Extreme and unusual weather events are becoming more frequent and may affect your travel plans.

Seasons

The dry season extends from April to October, and the rainy season extends from November to March. Unpaved roads may become impassable during the rainy season. You should follow regional weather forecasts and plan accordingly.

Wildfires

Veld (bush) fires are common during the dry season. They are unpredictable and extremely dangerous. They can spread very quickly and travel at speeds of 60 km/h or more due to high winds. Stay clear of active fires and always verify local conditions with relevant authorities before going on bush walks, particularly during the dry season.

Drought

The entire territory can be affected by drought, which has become increasingly severe and prolonged in recent years. During periods of prolonged drought, local authorities may impose water use restrictions. You could be fined if you do not comply with these restrictions.