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• Risk level
• Safety and security
• Entry and exit requirements
• Health
• Laws and culture
• Natural disasters and climate
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Risk level

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Safety and security

Ongoing hostilities throughout Sudan

Since April 2023, there has been heavy fighting throughout the country between the Sudanese army, a paramilitary group, and other affiliated armed groups.

The Sudanese army controls the eastern part of the country, including Khartoum and Port Sudan, while paramilitary groups control the western part. However, territorial control frequently shifts along multiple frontlines.

Drone attacks occur frequently and without warning nationwide, including in areas controlled by the Sudanese army, such as Khartoum and Port Sudan.

The security situation remains highly volatile and violent clashes are likely to continue. The civilian population has been deliberately targeted by violence, including sexual violence. Foreigners and employees of international organizations have also been targeted by these attacks.

The conflict has severely damaged infrastructure and disrupted essential services, including medical care, banking services, electricity and telecommunications. Access to basic necessities such as food, water, medication, fuel and cash is extremely challenging. Hostilities have caused mass population displacements within the country and the region, resulting in a dire humanitarian situation.

Port Sudan New International Airport is the primary civilian airport operating international flights. Khartoum’s international airport has reopened, but international flights remain limited. Both airports are subject to drone attacks and may close without notice.

If you decide to leave the country by air, you should carefully assess the security situation before heading to the airport. All travel in Sudan is extremely dangerous due to ongoing fighting.

If you are in Sudan and choose to stay despite this advisory:

• monitor local and international media to stay informed on the evolving situation
• use your judgment to decide the best time and the safest means to move to a safer location if you think it's required
• shelter-in-place until it is safe to leave the country
• make sure you have sufficient supplies of food, water and fuel
• keep your doors and windows locked at all times and ensure your phone is always charged
• ensure that your passport and other travel documents are up-to-date and secure at all times
• sign up for the Registration of Canadians Abroad service to receive important safety updates from the Government of Canada

Canada’s response to the crisis in Sudan

Demonstrations

Prior to the current conflict, large-scale demonstrations took place to demand the establishment of a democratically elected government. Security forces used excessive and lethal force to disperse crowds, which resulted in numerous casualties. They arrested many activists and protestors. There continue to be reports of arbitrary arrests and detention in Khartoum and across the country, regardless of the presence of demonstrations.

Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Border crossings

The land borders with some neighbouring countries are closed. Border closures may occur without notice.

Border areas are extremely hazardous due to cross-border armed groups’ activity, disputed territory, banditry, smuggling, and landmines.

Do not attempt to cross land borders.

Crime

Crime has increased substantially following several years of armed conflict. Violent crime is most prevalent in regions affected by conflict. However, it can occur anywhere in the country.

Incidents include:

• murders
• armed robberies
• burglaries
• home invasions
• carjackings
• assaults, including sexual assaults

Random searches

Sudanese authorities may conduct random searches of personal belongings, including those of employees of international organizations.

Terrorism

There is a threat of terrorism throughout the country, including in Khartoum and Port Sudan. Terrorist attacks could occur at any time.

Targets could include:

• government buildings, including police stations and military bases
• diplomatic missions and offices of non-governmental organizations
• schools, including universities
• places of worship
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks
• public areas and tourist attractions, including:
• restaurants
• coffee shops
• shopping centres
• markets
• hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places.

Kidnappings

There is a risk of kidnapping throughout the country, including of foreign nationals and aid workers.

If you travel to Sudan despite this advisory:

• seek professional security advice
• arrange for personal security
• change your travel patterns regularly
• be aware of your surroundings
• avoid displaying signs of affluence
• always travel in a group

Outages, shortages and service interruptions

Fuel

Sudan is experiencing severe fuel shortages that affect a wide range of services, including but not limited to:

• ground and air transportation
• electricity
• telecommunications, including access to the Internet

Power

Power outages are frequent nationwide. Not all buildings are equipped with generators.

Power outages could impact essential services, including:

• street lighting
• traffic lights
• refrigeration in restaurants and supermarkets
• the supply of fuel at gas stations
• the public water supply

Communications

Cellular coverage is unreliable and connectivity remains an issue in several parts of the country. Internet and mobile phone services may be unavailable for prolonged periods.

You should not rely on your mobile phone in case of emergency.

• Avoid travelling alone
• Inform a friend or family member of your itinerary

You should also save or print key information in case of an Internet disruption, including:

• your travel itineraries
• contact details of the Emergency Watch and Response Centre in Ottawa
• emergency numbers

Roads

Overland travel is risky due to the ongoing armed conflict. Permits are often needed to travel from one city to another. Many checkpoints, both official and illegal, are set up throughout the country. Vehicles are regularly stopped and searched, often leading to violent incidents. Movement through checkpoints may be delayed or denied.

Driving standards and vehicle maintenance are poor throughout the country. Traffic accidents occur frequently. Pedestrians are often involved in accidents.

You should avoid all overland travel across Sudan, even if you are with an experienced guide. If you still decide to do so, make sure you have the following essential equipment and supplies:

• a shovel
• traction ramps for sand
• a GPS device
• reliable means of communication
• spare fuel and tires
• water and food supplies
• cash

Road conditions

Road conditions are generally poor. Major roads are paved, while most secondary roads are not. Many roads outside the capital are sand tracks.

A four-wheel-drive vehicle is required for overland travel, except on the Khartoum–Kassala–Port Sudan, Khartoum–Atbara, and Khartoum–El Obeid highways.

Driving conditions may be hazardous during the rainy season from July to September.

Roads can be dangerous due to:

• artillery fire and other risks of military activity, including drone strikes
• unexploded ordnance and landmines
• potholes
• a lack of traffic signs
• numerous motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians, livestock and stray animals on the road
• insufficient lighting and vehicles not using their headlights

Public transportation

You should avoid public transportation due to the risks posed by the armed conflict and drivers’ recklessness.

Women's safety

Women travelling alone may be subject to harassment or verbal abuse.

• Avoid travelling alone, especially after dark or in isolated areas
• Dress in accordance with local customs to reduce unwanted attention:
  • dress conservatively with loose-fitting clothing
  • avoid wearing short skirts or shirts with low necklines
  • cover your arms

Advice for women travellers

2SLGBTQI+ persons

Sudanese law criminalizes sexual acts between individuals of the same sex. Offenders convicted for a third time can face up to life imprisonment or the death penalty.

2SLGBTQI+ persons should carefully consider the risks of travelling to Sudan.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Air travel

We don't make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

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Entry and exit requirements

Some countries have imposed measures in response to the Ebola disease outbreak. These can include restrictions on entry and health screening measures for travellers having recently visited an affected country. If you are suspected of having symptoms, you may be subject to isolation, quarantine and/or travel restrictions. Contact the authorities of the country you are travelling to for more details.

The authorities of a country or territory decide who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from local authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the Foreign Representatives in Canada.

Passport

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you're travelling with.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country's entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave Sudan.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, verify this information with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

You should also be aware that current systems used by some countries and travel companies may not recognize the “X” gender identifier. You may still be asked to provide your sex/gender information as either male or female when travelling.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, verify this information with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics
• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports and other travel documents

Visas

Tourist visa: required

Business visa: required

Student visa: required

Transit visa: required

Allow at least 2 months between your visa application and the intended date of travel. Visas are not granted automatically to prospective travellers.

Sudanese authorities strictly enforce entry requirements. Visa irregularities or alleged immigration violations may result in significant financial penalties. The authorities may hold onto your passport until these penalties are paid in full.

Registration

As a foreigner, you must register with the Ministry of the Interior’s Aliens’ Registration Office within 3 days of your arrival in Sudan.

If arriving by land or sea, you can register at your point of entry.

Certain larger hotels offer to register their guests. Processing fees apply and vary depending on where you register. Two passport-style photos may be required.

Israeli stamp

Local authorities will automatically deny you entry to Sudan if your passport contains an Israeli stamp.

Children and travel

Minors under the age of 18 may be required to present a letter of consent from their father or guardian to exit Sudan, even when travelling with their mother. This requirement may apply regardless of any custody rights granted to the mother by a Sudanese, Canadian or foreign court.

Children and travel

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

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Health

Medical services and facilities

Health care is inadequate in Sudan and has further deteriorated since the onset of the armed conflict.

You will likely need a medical evacuation in case of serious illness or injury. However, it can be difficult to obtain and air ambulances are usually not available on short notice.

There are no medical facilities to treat diving-related injuries.

• Avoid surgery in Sudan
• Ensure that your health plan coverage includes Sudan

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Health and safety outside Canada

Medication

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Laws and culture

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad.

Sharia

Sudan is a traditional, conservative society. Sharia (Islamic law) is applied throughout the country. Islamic practices and beliefs are closely adhered to in the country’s customs, laws and regulations.

• Avoid public displays of affection, including holding hands
• Be extremely discreet if swimming in public
• Avoid wearing shorts in public

More advice for women travellers

Ramadan

In 2027, the lunar month of Ramadan is expected to begin on or around February 7.

In public, between sunrise and sunset, be discreet when:

• drinking
• eating
• smoking

Religious proselytism

Religious proselytism can lead to arrest, prolonged detention and deportation.

Drugs

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe.  Bags are routinely searched upon arrival and departure at the Khartoum airport.

Alcohol

It is prohibited to import or consume alcohol, even in private.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

Pornography

Possession of pornographic material is illegal.

Photography

You must obtain authorization from the Ministry of Culture and Information for any form of photography.

Even with a permit, it is strictly prohibited to photograph:

• airports and military areas
• bridges
• drainage stations
• broadcast stations
• public utilities
• slum areas
• beggars

Local authorities may suspect you of espionage if you take photos without official permission. If so, they may detain you.

If you travel with a laptop, make sure it does not contain any photos that Sudanese authorities could deem suspicious.

Drones

Due to security concerns related to the ongoing armed conflict, the importation, possession, or use of drones may result in arrest, detention and the confiscation of equipment.

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is legally recognized in Sudan.

If you are a Canadian citizen, but also a citizen of Sudan, our ability to offer you consular services may be limited while you're there. You may also be subject to different entry/exit requirements.

Dual citizens

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Sudan.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Sudan by an abducting parent:

• act as quickly as you can
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Sudan to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.

Useful links

• International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
• Children and travel
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Request emergency assistance

Driving

To drive in Sudan, you must have an International Driving Permit along with your valid Canadian driver’s licence.

International Driving Permit

Money

The currency of Sudan is the Sudanese pound (SDG), but the U.S. dollar is widely accepted. The Sudanese pound is non-convertible outside the country and its export is prohibited.

Transferring U.S. or Canadian dollars to Sudan is difficult due to international sanctions imposed on the country.

Foreign debit and credit cards are not accepted. There are ATMs, but they only service local accounts.

International flights and hotel bills must be paid in cash.

You should have sufficient cash in U.S. dollars to cover all your expenses during your stay.

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Natural disasters and climate

Climate change

Extreme and unusual weather events are becoming more frequent worldwide and may affect your travel plans.

El Niño 2026-2027

This destination may be affected by El Niño, a complex, cyclical climate phenomenon that impacts temperature and rainfall patterns in many parts of the world.

El Niño conditions are currently present and are expected to strengthen during the second half of 2026 and into 2027.

This may increase the likelihood of climate-related hazards, including droughts, floods and severe storms.

El Niño – World Meteorological Organization

Sandstorms

Sandstorms occur, particularly from July to October. Expect difficulties travelling overland. Local services and the availability of water and basic food may be affected. Take preventive measures and be extremely cautious.

Rainy season

The rainy season extends from July to September.

Seasonal flooding regularly hampers overland travel and reduces the provision of essential services. Roads often become impassable and infrastructure can be damaged.

Monitor weather reports and plan your travels accordingly.

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