Risk level

Safety and security

Far North region and Mayo-Louti Department

Violent extremist groups carry out attacks, kidnappings and banditry in these regions.

These groups have attacked publics places and crowded areas, causing numerous civilian casualties. Violent clashes regularly occur between security forces and various armed groups.

North-West and South-West regions

The North-West and South-West regions are frequently affected by violent clashes between security forces and armed separatist groups. Bomb attacks on public places have resulted in civilian casualties. Serious incidents have taken place at roadblocks set up by the security forces or armed groups. Kidnappings, including of foreigners, are frequent. Other attacks, including murder, arson, sexual assault and kidnapping, are possible.

Armed attacks and acts of piracy occur frequently in the Bakassi Peninsula, where law enforcement is weak and crime high.

At any time, local authorities may restrict movements, prohibit gatherings and disrupt telecommunications.

North and Adamaoua regions

There is a risk of terrorist attacks and kidnappings in the North and Adamaoua regions.

Borders with Nigeria, Chad and the Central African Republic

Violent extremist and armed criminal groups operate along the borders with Nigeria, Chad and the Central African Republic. The risk of bomb attacks, armed attacks and kidnappings is high.

Crime

Crime is high in urban centres on major roads and in border areas.

Petty crime

Petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, occurs in all urban centers. Thieves target tourists. In Yaoundé, exercise increased caution in and around: 

• Mokolo market
• Kennedy Avenue
• Mvog-Ada Pakita
• Briqueterie
• Mini-Ferme Melen
• Nkololun

During your trip:

• be aware of your surroundings, especially in busy areas 
• keep your personal belongings, including your passport and other travel
• don’t show signs of affluence or wear expensive jewellery 
• don’t carry large sums of cash or valuables unnecessarily 
• avoid walking alone after dark

Violent crime

Violent crime occurs frequently, especially at night, in major cities and on main roads. Incidents include:

• armed robbery
• burglary
• assault
• carjacking

During your trip:

• stay in accommodations with adequate security measures 
• keep doors and windows locked at all times
• keep valuables out of sight and reach
• avoid isolated areas
• don’t resist an attack

Terrorism

There is a terrorist threat throughout the country, particularly in the Far North region, in the Mayo-Louti department and in border areas with Nigeria, Chad and the Central African Republic. Armed attacks and suicide bombings have targeted crowded places such as markets, resulting in civilian casualties.

Targets could include:

• government buildings, including police stations 
• schools, including universities  
• places of worship 
• airports and other transportation hubs and networks 
• public areas such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, coffee shops, shopping centres, markets, hotels and other sites frequented by foreigners 
• cultural venues  

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places. 

Be particularly vigilant during: 

• sporting events 
• religious holidays 
• public celebrations 
• major political events, such as elections  

Terrorists may use such occasions to mount attacks. 

Kidnappings

Kidnappings for ransom are frequent and can occur anywhere in the country. These crimes, often committed by armed groups, target Cameroonian and foreign nationals. Although most kidnappings are for ransom, on rare cases the victims have been executed or reported missing.

The risk of kidnapping is particularly high in the Far North, North-West and South-West regions, in the Mayo-Louti department and in border areas with Nigeria and Chad. Although lower, it remains significant in the North and Adamaoua regions.

Demonstrations

Even peaceful demonstrations can turn violent at any time. They can also lead to disruptions to traffic and public transportation.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place
• Follow the instructions of local authorities
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Curfews

Curfews can be imposed without notice. 

Always comply with the instructions issued by local authorities. 

Women’s safety

Women travelling alone may be subject to some forms of harassment or verbal abuse.

Advice for women travellers

Roads

Road safety

There are major safety issues in Cameroon. The number of road accidents is high and often involve pedestrians. Police and emergency services assistance is limited, particularly in rural areas. 

Road conditions

Road conditions vary throughout the country and at different times of the year. Main roads are generally well maintained, while secondary roads are in poor condition and dangerous. During the rainy seasons, road conditions deteriorate considerably and driving can become dangerous.

Roads can be dangerous due to:

• numerous motorcycles
• poorly maintained roads and potholes
• stray livestock
• lack of traffic signs
• traffic jams and heavy traffic, especially in urban areas
• poorly maintained vehicles
• insufficient lighting and vehicles not using their headlights

Driving habits

Drivers don’t always respect traffic laws and speeding is common. Priority is not given to pedestrians or other drivers. Drinking and driving is common.

If you choose to drive in Cameroon:

• always drive defensively
• always keep doors and windows closed and locked
• never leave personal belongings unattended in a vehicle, even in the trunk 
• consider using a four-wheel drive vehicle during the rainy season
• ask about insurance coverage options for roadside assistance when you rent a vehicle 

Ambushes

Armed criminals, locally known as “coupeurs de route,” are present on certain roads. Attacks have taken place:

• on the N3 highway between Douala and Yaoundé
• the Far North, North, Adamaoua, East, North-West and South-West regions
• border areas with Nigeria, Chad and the Central African Republic

Criminals stop private and public transport vehicles at gunpoint or with illegal roadblocks, sometimes assaulting passengers. The risk is greater after dark.

Roadblocks

Police checkpoints are common throughout the country. 

• Be prepared to show your identification  
• Follow the instructions of security forces
• Remain calm and courteous

Individuals set up unofficial roadblocks to solicit money. Acts of violence have been reported.

Be vigilant in rural and remote areas.

Fraud

Cybercrime

Criminals can compromise public Wi-Fi networks in order to steal personal data or credit information. 

Romance scams through dating sites and/or social media have occurred.   

• Use secure public Wi-Fi networks 
• Be cautious when posting information or photos on social media 
• Beware of people who show a keen interest in you online 
• Keep in mind that you may be the victim of a scam if you go to Cameroon to meet an online acquaintance in person
• Be wary of unsolicited emails offering attractive business opportunities

Credit card and ATM fraud

Credit and debit card as well as ATM fraud occurs frequently in Cameroon.

When using your debit or credit card: 

• cover the keypad with one hand when entering your PIN 
• pay careful attention when others are handling your cards 
• avoid using card readers with an irregular or unusual feature 
• use ATMs located in public areas or inside a bank or business 
• check for any unauthorized transactions on your account statements 

Useful links

• Overseas fraud
• Cyber security while travelling 

Shortages

Fuel shortages

Fuel shortages occur occasionally, especially during holiday periods in December and January.

Local authorities may impose rationing measures for fuel. These measures could lead to a reduction of essential services and line-ups at gas stations.

• Never let your tank go lower than half-full
• Keep a supply fuel on hand 
• Carefully plan all road travel

Power outages

Power outages occur regularly across the country and can last more than 8 hours. Not all buildings have generators.

  Power outages could impact essential services, such as:

• the public water supply 
• telecommunications 
• banking transactions 

Travelling in remote areas

Tourism infrastructure, including hotels, restaurants and transportation networks, is limited outside the big cities.

If you are planning to travel to remote areas: 

• avoid travelling after dark outside of urban centers
• keep a supply of water, food, fuel and an emergency kit on hand
• bring a reliable means of communication, such as a cellular telephone (in areas with reliable service), a satellite telephone or a VHF radio
• use a reputable tour operator  

Swimming

Coastal waters can be dangerous, even for experienced swimmers. Riptides are common. Several drownings occur each year. Beaches are generally unsupervised. There is no warning system to alert of unsafe conditions.

Water safety abroad

Public transportation

Public transport services are limited and not all are safe. Avoid using public transport services.

Buses

Minibus drivers do not always respect traffic laws.

Most Société Camerounaise des Transports Urbains (SOCATUR) buses are overcrowded and theft is frequent.

Taxis

Taxi availability may be limited outside city centers.

Taxis are frequently involved in traffic accidents. Passengers are sometimes mugged or robbed by cab drivers.

If you choose to take a taxi or using ridesharing applications:

• avoid using motorcycle taxis, locally known as “okada” or “bend-skins”, as they are frequently involved in accidents
• ask for your taxi at the front desk if you’re using hotel services 
• only use registered taxis
• confirm the driver's identity and license plate before getting into the car 
• make sure the driver does not pick up other passengers on the way to your destination 
• ask the driver to start the meter or negotiate the fare in advance
• have small bills available for payment 

2SLGBTQI+ persons

2SLGBTQI+ persons could be discriminated against based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, or sex characteristics.

2SLGBTQI+ persons could be victim of harassments and verbal or physical violence. Avoid public display of affection.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Piracy

Acts of piracy by organized criminal groups are frequent in the Gulf of Guinea. Ships and oil platforms are frequently targeted. The risk of armed attack and kidnapping is high. Mariners should take appropriate precautions.

There is also a risk of piracy on the waters around the ferry crossing between Limbe or Tiko, Cameroon, and Calabar, Nigeria.

Live Piracy Report - International Maritime Bureau’s Piracy Reporting Centre

Air travel

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Entry and exit requirements

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Cameroonian authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the Foreign Representatives in Canada.

Passport

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave from Cameroon.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Visas

Canadians must have a visa and an onward or return ticket.

Tourist visa: required
Business visa: required
Student visa: required

Canadians who are going to Cameroon to work must obtain a resident card shortly after arrival.

Obtain an E-visa – Cameroon's official application service

Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children.

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Health

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your routine vaccinations, as per your province or territory, are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette, which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•  washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medical services and facilities

Medical facilities and services are not up to Canadian standards.

Medical facilities and supplies are limited in Yaoundé and Douala, and very limited outside these cities. It can be difficult to obtain adequate care from health professionals.

Public and private medical facilities usually require an initial cash deposit, a payment guarantee or confirmation that you have medical insurance. In the event of a medical emergency, air evacuation abroad may be necessary.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Health and safety outside Canada

Keep in Mind...

The decision to travel is the sole responsibility of the traveller. The traveller is also responsible for his or her own personal safety.

Be prepared. Do not expect medical services to be the same as in Canada. Pack a travel health kit, especially if you will be travelling away from major city centres.

Laws and culture

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad.

Drugs

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of illegal drugs are severe. Convicted offenders can expect jail sentences and heavy fines.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

2SLGBTQI+ persons

Cameroonian law criminalizes sexual acts and relationships between persons of the same sex. Persons accused of homosexuality risk heavy fines and prison sentences of up to 5 years.

2SLGBTQI+ travellers should carefully consider the risks of travelling to Cameroon.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Dress and behaviour

To avoid offending local sensitivities: 

• dress conservatively 
• avoid kissing in public
• behave discreetly 
• respect religious and social traditions 

Camouflage clothing

It’s illegal to wear, buy, sell or distribute military clothing in Cameroon. It is an offence for a civilian to wear camouflage or other military-style clothing.

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is not legally recognized in Cameroon.

If local authorities consider you a citizen of Cameroon, they may refuse to grant you access to Canadian consular services. This will prevent us from providing you with those services.

Dual citizens

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Cameroon.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Cameroon by an abducting parent:

• act as quickly as you can
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Cameroon to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.

Useful links

• International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
• Children and travel
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Request emergency assistance

Identification

Local authorities may request to see your identification at any time. 

• Always carry valid identification
• Keep a photocopy of your passport and of your visa or travel permit in a safe place in case it’s lost or seized 
• Keep a digital copy of your identification and travel documents 

Photography

Photography of sensitive installations is prohibited. This includes:

• airports
• ports
• military sites
• government buildings
• uniformed service people

Always ask permission before photographing official buildings or individuals.

Driving

To drive in Cameroon you must have an International Driving Permit along your valid Canadian driver’s licence.

If you intend to stay in Cameroon for more than one year, you will require a Cameroonian driver’s licence. To obtain a Cameroonian driver's licence, you are required to present your Canadian driver’s licence to the Delegation of Public Transport in your town of residence.

Traffic accidents can quickly draw large crowds. Remain calm if there is a dispute, particularly in a public place. If threatened by a large crowd, ask local police to intervene.

International Driving Permit

Traffic violations

If a police officer asks you to pay a fine on the spot for a traffic violation, ask for a written copy of the fine, which can be paid later at a local courthouse or police station. 

Money

The currency is the Central African CFA franc (XAF), known in French as the “franc CFA d’Afrique centrale”.

Cameroon is largely a cash-based economy. Large stores and hotels may accept major credit cards or euros and U.S. dollars, but this should be confirmed when you book. Credit cards are rarely accepted outside international hotels.

Transferring money

You must obtain authorization from the Ministry of Finance to transfer money out of Cameroon. Transferring funds through a bank is time-consuming, and charges are levied.

Natural disasters and climate

Climate change

Climate change is affecting Cameroon. Extreme and unusual weather events are becoming more frequent and may affect your travel plans. Monitor local media for the latest information. 

Rainy seasons

The rainy seasons extend:

• from mid-March to mid-June, then mid-September to mid-November for the central and southern regions
• from mid-January to mid-March, then from mid-June to mid-September for the northern regions

Seasonal flooding can hamper overland travel and reduce the provision of essential services, especially in rural areas. Roads may become impassable due to mudslides and landslides. Bridges, buildings, and infrastructure may be damaged. 

• Monitor local media for the latest information including road conditions 
• Stay away from flooded areas 
• Monitor weather reports 
• Follow instructions from local authorities, including evacuation orders 

Department of National Meteorology – Government of Cameroon

Volcanoes

Mount Cameroon is an active volcano. Eruptions can occur at any time.

The Nyos and Monoum volcanic lakes sometimes release dangerous toxic gases.

If you are planning to visit these areas:

• consult local authorities before travelling
• monitor levels of volcanic activity through the local media 
• follow the instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders  

Useful links

• Large-scale emergencies abroad
• Floods - What to do?