Risk level

Safety and security

Terrorism

There is a threat of terrorism.

Extremist groups remain active throughout the country and generally target individuals and institutions associated with rival governments, as well as oil installations. Foreigners and people associated with Western countries are also targets of kidnapping and violence by terrorist groups.

The security forces of the rival governments of Tripoli and Benghazi regularly carry out anti-terrorist operations across the country.

Targets could include:

• government buildings, including schools and foreign diplomatic representations
• places of worship
• airports, as well as other transportation hubs and networks
• checkpoints
• public places such as tourist attractions, restaurants, bars, cafés, shopping malls, markets, hotels and other places frequented by foreigners
• foreign representatives, diplomats, aid workers
• teachers and other private-sector workers

Always be aware of your surroundings when in public places. 

Be particularly vigilant during:

• sporting events
• religious holidays
• public celebrations
• major political events, such as elections

Terrorists may use such occasions to carry out attacks.

Political situation

Despite progress towards elections and national reconciliation, the political situation remains extremely fragile. State institutions are divided between rival political groups, which complicates the provision of essential services to the population, particularly in terms of security.

A ceasefire agreement has been in force since 2020 between the rival governments of Tripoli and Benghazi and their affiliated militias. However, sporadic clashes between armed groups continue to occur in all parts of the country.

If you are in a conflict zone:

• carry emergency supplies, including food and water
• follow local and international media to stay informed about the security situation
• make sure your travel documents are valid
• follow the instructions of local authorities
• shelter in place until it is safe to leave the area

Demonstrations

Demonstrations can occur at any time due to the precarious political and security situation. In the past, demonstrators have vandalized government buildings by setting them on fire. Even demonstrations that are intended to be peaceful can suddenly give rise to acts of violence. They can also greatly disrupt traffic and public transport.

• Avoid areas where demonstrations and large gatherings are taking place 
• Follow the instructions of local authorities 
• Monitor local media for information on ongoing demonstrations 

Mass gatherings (large-scale events)

Kidnapping

Border areas

Terrorist organizations, armed groups and militias are present in border regions, particularly in the south of the country, on the borders with Niger, Chad and Sudan. Kidnappings involving Westerners have occurred in the past. In most cases, the kidnappers demand a ransom in exchange for the hostages' release.

The border with Algeria is closed to travellers. Other borders may close at any time, notably those with Egypt and Tunisia.

It is forbidden to travel outside Tripoli without prior authorization from the Libyan authorities, except to cross the official border crossings to Egypt and Tunisia by land.   Without this authorization, you will be denied crossing at the various checkpoints.

Crime

Libya has a very high crime rate.

The country's security is largely ensured by armed groups, some of which do not report to rival governments. These groups maintain law and order arbitrarily and finance their operations by engaging in criminal activities, such as:

• extortion
• carjacking
• armed robbery
• kidnapping for ransom
• arms trafficking

Weapons circulate in large quantities and are easily accessible throughout the country.

Women's safety

Women can be subject to harassment and verbal abuse, especially when traveling alone. Sexual assaults on women and other gender-based violence are also common.

Advice for women travellers

Landmines

Despite demining operations, there is a high risk that unexploded ordnance or landmines may still be present throughout the country.

• Exercise caution, including in urban areas
• Stay on main and paved roads
• Avoid walking in fields
• Avoid roadside ditches, shoulders and unmarked paths
• Watch out for signs indicating the possible presence of landmines

Road safety

Avoid overland travel in the south-east of the country due to the presence of landmines and the risk of kidnapping, banditry and terrorism.

It is dangerous to travel on the coastal highway in the west of the country, between Zawiyah and Tripoli, due to fighting between rival factions and the risk of kidnapping by extremist groups.

Road conditions

Road conditions vary considerably across the country. They are generally in good condition in major cities, but are dangerous in rural areas due to :

• insufficient lighting
• uneven surfaces
• poor road markings and lack of signage

In the desert, roads are unpaved and visibility can be reduced by sandstorms.

There may be fuel shortages and long queues at gas stations.

Driving habits

Road accidents are common. Vehicles are not always equipped with standard safety devices such as airbags and seatbelts. Drivers often break the traffic laws, notably by:

• driving at excessive speeds
• making sudden lane changes without signalling
• driving astride lanes
• stopping abruptly

If you drive in Libya:

• always drive defensively
• avoid driving at night
• use main roads and highways whenever possible
• always carry a cell phone and charger

Public transport

The public transport network is not very well developed. Most transportation is by cab or bus.

If you choose to take a taxi in Libya :

• exercise caution
• never share it with strangers
• confirm the fare in advance
• bring cash for payment

Air travel

We do not make assessments on the compliance of foreign domestic airlines with international safety standards.

Information about foreign domestic airlines

Entry and exit requirements

Every country or territory decides who can enter or exit through its borders. The Government of Canada cannot intervene on your behalf if you do not meet your destination’s entry or exit requirements.

We have obtained the information on this page from the Libyan authorities. It can, however, change at any time.

Verify this information with the Foreign Representatives in Canada.

Passport

Entry requirements vary depending on the type of passport you use for travel.

Before you travel, check with your transportation company about passport requirements. Its rules on passport validity may be more stringent than the country’s entry rules.

Regular Canadian passport

Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months beyond the date you expect to leave Libya.

Passport for official travel

Different entry rules may apply.

Official travel

Passport with “X” gender identifier

While the Government of Canada issues passports with an “X” gender identifier, it cannot guarantee your entry or transit through other countries. You might face entry restrictions in countries that do not recognize the “X” gender identifier. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Other travel documents

Different entry rules may apply when travelling with a temporary passport or an emergency travel document. Before you leave, check with the closest foreign representative for your destination.

Useful links

• Foreign Representatives in Canada
• Canadian passports

Visas

Tourist visa: required
Business visa: required
Student visa: required

You might have difficulty obtaining a visa if your passport expires in less than 6 months.

Visas for Libya are only issued to residents of the country in which the application is made. It generally takes 20 working days to obtain a visa, once the passport and application are submitted in person to a Libyan embassy or consulate. Mail-in applications are not accepted.

Regional travel

You may be denied entry into Libya if your passport bears an Israeli visa or border stamp.

Children and travel

Learn more about travelling with children.

Yellow fever

Learn about potential entry requirements related to yellow fever (vaccines section).

Health

Routine vaccines

Be sure that your routine vaccinations, as per your province or territory, are up-to-date before travelling, regardless of your destination.

Some of these vaccinations include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, varicella (chickenpox), influenza and others.

Pre-travel vaccines and medications

You may be at risk for preventable diseases while travelling in this destination. Talk to a travel health professional about which medications or vaccines may be right for you, based on your destination and itinerary. 

Safe food and water precautions

Many illnesses can be caused by eating food or drinking beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites, toxins, or viruses, or by swimming or bathing in contaminated water.

• Learn more about food and water precautions to take to avoid getting sick by visiting our eat and drink safely abroad page. Remember: Boil it, cook it, peel it, or leave it!
• Avoid getting water into your eyes, mouth or nose when swimming or participating in activities in freshwater (streams, canals, lakes), particularly after flooding or heavy rain. Water may look clean but could still be polluted or contaminated.
• Avoid inhaling or swallowing water while bathing, showering, or swimming in pools or hot tubs. 

Insect bite prevention

Many diseases are spread by the bites of infected insects such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas or flies. When travelling to areas where infected insects may be present:

• Use insect repellent (bug spray) on exposed skin
• Cover up with light-coloured, loose clothes made of tightly woven materials such as nylon or polyester
• Minimize exposure to insects
• Use mosquito netting when sleeping outdoors or in buildings that are not fully enclosed

To learn more about how you can reduce your risk of infection and disease caused by bites, both at home and abroad, visit our insect bite prevention page.

Find out what types of insects are present where you’re travelling, when they’re most active, and the symptoms of the diseases they spread.

Animal precautions

Some infections, such as rabies and influenza, can be shared between humans and animals. Certain types of activities may increase your chance of contact with animals, such as travelling in rural or forested areas, camping, hiking, and visiting wet markets (places where live animals are slaughtered and sold) or caves.

Travellers are cautioned to avoid contact with animals, including dogs, livestock (pigs, cows), monkeys, snakes, rodents, birds, and bats, and to avoid eating undercooked wild game.

Closely supervise children, as they are more likely to come in contact with animals.

Person-to-person infections

Stay home if you’re sick and practise proper cough and sneeze etiquette, which includes coughing or sneezing into a tissue or the bend of your arm, not your hand. Reduce your risk of colds, the flu and other illnesses by:

•  washing your hands often
• avoiding or limiting the amount of time spent in closed spaces, crowded places, or at large-scale events (concerts, sporting events, rallies)
• avoiding close physical contact with people who may be showing symptoms of illness 

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV, and mpox are spread through blood and bodily fluids; use condoms, practise safe sex, and limit your number of sexual partners. Check with your local public health authority pre-travel to determine your eligibility for mpox vaccine.  

Medication

Some prescription medicines may not be available in Libya.

If you are taking prescription medicines, you must check their legality before entering the country.

• Carry a sufficient supply of your medication
• Always leave your medication in its original packaging
• Pack your medication in your hand luggage
• Keep a copy of your prescription with you

Medical services and facilities

Due to the many conflicts that have raged across the country, medical facilities are limited, generally in very poor condition and do not offer the level of care you are used to in Canada. Equipment is often obsolete and inadequate for major medical procedures, and basic supplies are insufficient.

Serious medical cases may require evacuation to a country with adequate facilities.

Make sure you get travel insurance that includes coverage for medical evacuation and hospital stays.

Health and safety outside Canada

Laws and culture

You must abide by local laws.

Learn about what you should do and how we can help if you are arrested or detained abroad.

Illegal or regulated activities

Political activism

Communications are closely monitored by the various armed groups and militias throughout Libya. You could face serious consequences, including arrest, detention and violence, if you discuss, share or publish negative information about the political situation or criticize the current authorities, including on social media.

Journalists and activists are particularly at risk of surveillance by the authorities.

Extra-marital relations

Extramarital relations, including sexual relations, are illegal, and convicted offenders are subject to severe penalties, including imprisonment and corporal punishment.

Restrictions applicable to women

The Libyan authorities strictly enforce their interpretation of Islam. Libyan women, including Canadian-Libyan women, may be subject to harassment if not accompanied by a mahram (male guardian).

Dress and behavior

Libyan customs, laws and regulations adhere closely to Islamic practices and beliefs.

To avoid offending the local population:

• dress conservatively
• behave discreetly
• respect social and religious traditions

Photography

Photography of military installations, personnel and government buildings is prohibited.

Seek permission before taking photos of official buildings or individuals.

Drugs

Penalties for possession, use or trafficking of drugs are severeConvicted offenders are subject to imprisonment or other penalties.

Drugs, alcohol and travel

2SLGBTQI+ persons

Libyan law prohibits sexual acts between people of the same sex. Same-sex marriage is also illegal. Convicted offenders face prison sentences.

2SLGBTQI+ persons should carefully consider the risks of travelling to Libya.

Travel and your sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics

Imports and exports

Libyan authorities strictly prohibit the import and/or export of certain goods, including:

• alcohol
• religious material and antiquities
• weapons
• illegal drugs
• pork and pork products
• pornographic content

You should consult the regulations in effect and contact the Libyan customs authorities before importing or exporting goods to or from Libya.

Contact details - Libyan Customs Authority (in Arabic)

Driving

If you have an accident, stay calm and contact the local police. In the event of a fatal or seriously damaging accident, local authorities may detain the drivers involved until the dispute is settled.

Business disputes

Officials may confiscate your passport if you are involved in a business dispute.

Dual citizenship

Dual citizenship is not legally recognized in Libya.

If local authorities consider you a citizen of Libya, they may refuse to grant you access to Canadian consular services. This will prevent us from providing you with those services.

Dual citizens

Canadians of Libyan origin risk having their Canadian passports confiscated, lengthy interrogations, and difficulty leaving the country if they do not enter Libya on their Libyan passports.

Family law

Regardless of parental marital status, children of Libyan fathers acquire Libyan citizenship at birth, and must enter and leave Libya on Libyan passports. Canadian mothers require their husband’s permission to take their Libyan children outside the country.

Child custody decisions are based on Islamic law.

It is extremely difficult for a Canadian woman, even if she is a Muslim, to obtain custody of her children through a court decision, unless she decides to stay in Libya.

International Child Abduction

The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international treaty. It can help parents with the return of children who have been removed to or retained in certain countries in violation of custody rights. It does not apply between Canada and Libya.

If your child was wrongfully taken to, or is being held in Libya by an abducting parent:

• act as quickly as you can
• consult a lawyer in Canada and in Libya to explore all the legal options for the return of your child
• report the situation to the nearest Canadian government office abroad or to Global Affairs Canada by calling the Emergency Watch and Response Centre

If your child was removed from a country other than Canada, consult a lawyer to determine if The Hague Convention applies.

Be aware that Canadian consular officials cannot interfere in private legal matters or in another country's judicial affairs.

Useful links

• International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents
• Children and travel
• Canadian embassies and consulates by destination
• Request emergency assistance

Ramadan

In 2025, the lunar month of Ramadan is expected to begin on or around February 28.

In public, between sunrise and sunset, be discreet when:

• drinking
• eating
• smoking

Religious proselytism

Religious proselytism is illegal in Libya. This includes preaching, possessing, or distributing religious literature or material.

If you engage in religious activities that contradict or challenge Islamic teachings and values, you could face jail sentences.

Blasphemy

You could be accused of blasphemy and sentenced to jail if you publicly criticize Islam, its teachings or values.

Currency

The currency is the Libyan dinar (LYD).

In general, you must pay cash in Libya, as debit and credit cards are not often accepted by merchants. ATMs are rare.

Foreign currency declaration

It is prohibited to export Libyan dinars outside the country. There are no limits on the import or export of foreign currency by non-residents, but you must declare all foreign currency in your possession to the Libyan customs authorities when entering or leaving the country.

When leaving the country, you risk having your money confiscated if you have not declared the sums you were carrying when you entered Libya.

Only the following currencies can be converted into Libyan dinars at official exchange offices:

• US dollars
• Euros
• British pounds
• Swiss francs
• Tunisian dinars

Natural disasters and climate

Climate change

Climate change is affecting Libya. Extreme and unusual weather events are becoming more frequent and may affect your travel plans. Monitor local media for the latest information. 

Libya is prone to various natural disasters, such as:

• droughts
• heavy rains
• sand and dust storms
• earthquakes

Temperatures vary both geographically and seasonally. In the north, near the Mediterranean coast, summers are hot and dry, and winters are rainy. In the south, the climate is semi-arid, and it can get very hot in the Sahara, especially in summer. Between June and September, temperatures can exceed 40°C, and sand and dust storms are frequent.

Drought

In the Sahara Desert, episodes of severe drought can last for several years, reducing the water supply.

During dry periods:

• plan accordingly
• always keep water supplies on hand
• follow the instructions of local authorities

Rainy season

The rainy season generally extends from October to May. In the south, rainfall is much lower and less frequent due to the arid climate. In winter, coastal areas can experience episodes of heavy rain.

In 2023, excessive rainfall caused severe flooding in several coastal towns in northeastern Libya, including:

• Derna
• Benghazi
• Shahhat
• El-Beïda
• Soussa
• Al-Marj

Heavy rainfall led to the rupture of dams near the city of Derna, causing extensive damage to infrastructure and resulting in thousands of casualties.

• Monitor local media for the latest updates, including on road conditions
• Stay away from flooded areas
• Monitor weather reports
• Follow instructions of local authorities, including evacuation orders

Dust storms

Sand and dust storms are common.

During a dust storm :

• stay indoors
• keep windows closed
• be prepared to modify, interrupt or cancel your trip at any time
• check local media regularly for updates

Earthquakes

Although Libya is not located in a high-risk zone for earthquakes, small tremors do occasionally occur.

Earthquakes - What to do?