International Child Abductions: A guide for affected parents

The local police will be your main point of contact. Tell them that you think your child has been abducted to another country. The police may ask:

• why you believe your child has been abducted
• information about your child and the abducting parent, for example:
  • what they look like (age, height, weight; colour of eyes, hair and skin; provide recent photos if you can)
  • their citizenship in a country besides Canada
• the most recent parenting or custody order or agreement, if you have one
• your contact information

Local police may choose to investigate and share information about your child’s abduction with other national and international organizations.

Contact information

Call 911

Contact family and friends, as well as the child’s school, doctors and daycare. Tell them you called the police and ask them to call you right away if they hear anything about your child or the abducting parent.

You can also contact the other parent’s family and friends. They may be able to tell you where your child is—the most important information in a child abduction investigation. Be sure to keep the contact friendly.

Consular services are the services provided to Canadians outside Canada by the Government of Canada through embassies, consulates and other points of service.

A consular case management officer (CMO) will be assigned to work with you. CMOs are very knowledgeable about international child abductions and have detailed information about specific countries. They can direct you to organizations in Canada and abroad that help in situations of child abductions.

When you contact Consular Services, you will be asked, among other things:

• the name, date of birth and citizenship of your child, yourself and the other parent
• when you last had contact with the other parent and your child
• to give a detailed description of the situation, including the background to it and steps you have taken already (for example, calling the police or consulting a lawyer)
• what travel documents your child and the other parent would have used (for example, passports or visas)
• to give copies of legal documents, such as a parenting or custody order, mediated agreement or signed travel consent letter for your child
• the other parent’s travel plans, if you know them, or information on the other parent’s ties to another country

 Your CMO will request your consent before contacting other agencies.

Contact information

Consular Services at Global Affairs Canada
1-800-387-3124 (toll-free from Canada and the United States)
+ 1 613 996 8885 (call collect where available)
travel.gc.ca

A lawyer can:

• give you legal advice and represent you in court
• tell you what options you have
• help you protect your interests when you deal with governments and organizations in Canada and other countries
• help you consider whether to get a parenting or custody order or agreement—even after an abduction has happened (a parenting or custody order or agreement helps you deal with authorities in Canada and the other country)
• help mediate with the other parent and draft an agreement

Note

If you know what country your child is in, you may need to also contact a lawyer in that country. Your CMO can provide you with a list of local lawyers in that country.

Contact information

Federation of Law Societies of Canada
+1 613 236 7272
Fax: +1 613 236 7233
info@flsc.ca

Contact the Passport Program and give them the details of your situation. The Passport Program can:

• add your child’s name to the Passport Program System Lookout List (this will alert Passport Program officials if they receive a passport application for your child, but it will not prevent your child travelling with an existing Canadian passport)
• refuse to issue a new passport if that would contradict a court order or separation agreement
• request that Public Safety Canada decide whether a passport should be revoked to keep it from being used for an abduction

Note

The Passport Program may need copies of any legal documents concerning your child (for example, parenting or custody orders or separation agreements)

Contact information

Canada’s Passport Program
1-800-567-6868 (toll-free from Canada and the United States)
Canada.ca/passport

Many organizations in Canada can help when a child is missing. They can help in many ways, from giving emotional support to searching for the child. Some non-governmental organizations have investigators who can help find a child, whether in Canada or in another country.

Contact information

The directory at the end of this document includes a list of non-governmental organizations. You will have to decide whether their services are appropriate for you.

Identify other sources of information that could give you useful information as you search for your child. People, organizations, records or lists could help reveal where your child and the abducting parent are. The sources will be different in every situation, so it is usually a good idea to check as many sources as you can. Some sources you can explore include:

• places where the other parent or your child would “hang out”
• places where the child attended after-school activities, including preschools and daycares
• organizations the other parent belongs to, such as clubs and places of worship
• medical records, including dental records
• school records
• the other parent’s social media accounts
• the child’s or the other parent’s contact lists

Take notes on who you contact, when you contacted them and what you learned, so you have a record of what you have done and know.

Notes

Ask your local police or lawyer for advice before contacting an organization

Some organizations have privacy regulations that will keep them from giving you confidential information

A person you contact might be helping the other parent abduct your child

You may want to use social media or contact local media to raise awareness about your missing child or your child’s abduction, but public attention may not be helpful.

Sometimes, media attention may let abducting parents know people are looking for them. That could make them go into hiding, making them harder to find and making the situation more stressful and dangerous for the child.

To help you consider all factors, you can discuss the possibility of using social media or contacting local media with a lawyer and any organization that is helping you.

Contact a Consular Case Management Officer (CMO) at Global Affairs Canada. There are many ways a CMO may help you, but there are also things a CMO cannot do.

CMOs may be able to:

• help you contact officials in the country where your child is abducted
• ask officials in that country to inquire into the safety and well-being of your child
• give you information about the country, including its local customs and practices
• give you a list of local lawyers, notaries and legal translation services
• refer you to general information on travelling to the country and make sure Canadian consular officials can provide consular services there.
• try to contact the other parent and help you to communicate with them, if the other parent refuses to speak with you directly

CMOs - and other Government of Canada officials - cannot:

• directly search for a missing child
• give you legal advice, act as mediators or lawyers or represent you in court
• pay your legal fees or other expenses
• intervene in your private legal matters or in any legal processes in the other country
• enforce a Canadian custody agreement in the other country
• force another country to make any decision in your parenting or custody case
• force another country to apply its own laws in a particular way
• take actions that may violate the laws of the other country
• help you re-abduct your child, even if your child is Canadian
• take charge of your child, whether physically or legally

You may also seek legal assistance in gathering information. You want to know what legal processes you may have to go through, in both Canada and the country where your child has been taken. A lawyer in Canada may be able to give you advice on dealing with authorities and lawyers in the other country. You may also find it useful to hire a lawyer in the other country who can give you advice on the country’s legal system, even if you don’t go to court in the other country to have your child returned. You may want to have a contract that clearly sets out your lawyer’s services and fees.

If you are applying for the return of the child under the Hague Convention, you should also contact the Central Authority in your province or territory for help (see the section "If the Hague Convention applies" for more information).

Notes

The other country's authorities may not have information about your child or the other parent

Other countries might not share information about your child

Be prepared to travel on short notice to retrieve your child or participate in legal proceedings in the foreign country

Get the other parent’s friends and family involved. They may be able to help you communicate with the other parent to find a solution. They may also make it possible for you to visit your child.

Hold negotiations in a safe, neutral place. No one should feel as though they are in enemy territory when trying to reach an agreement.

Talk to police. Police officers may negotiate with the other parent to find a solution. Even if they do not, and you do your own negotiating and reach an agreement, you may have to clear the agreement with them or with the prosecutor.

Contact your CMO. Tell your CMO as soon as you decide to try negotiating a voluntary return.  Keep in touch throughout the process. Your CMO and consular officers in the other country can help you contact the abducting parent. If the other parent refuses to talk directly with you (or vice-versa), consular officers can try to make contact.

Consider professional mediation. A mediator is a trained, impartial, professional who works to help two sides resolve a conflict in a way they can both accept. In Canada, you can find a qualified mediator through the Department of Justice Canada's Inventory of Government-Based Family Justice Services.

If the Hague Convention applies, contact the Central Authority in your province or territory. The Central Authority may help you secure the voluntary return of your child.

Some advantages of negotiating a voluntary return of your child:

• The outcome of the negotiation is relatively quick
• The private negotiations happen out of court

• Negotiating out of court is usually less expensive than resolving differences through litigation 
• Negotiation may minimize conflict between the parents and prevent unnecessary upheaval for the child

If it works, negotiating is the easiest and least complicated option. 

Even while you are negotiating, you can also begin other procedures, such as making an application under the Hague Convention. 

The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is the main international treaty that helps parents of children abducted to certain countries get their children returned.

The Hague Convention sets out a procedure by which left-behind parents can ask the courts of the country where their child was taken or is being kept for the return of their child to the country where the child usually lives. It also creates a system of cooperation between the different countries through designated “central authorities.

A decision under the Hague Convention cannot rule on issues of parenting, decision-making responsibility, custody or access. When you apply to have your child returned under the Hague Convention, you are asking authorities in the other country to return your child to Canada so that the courts here can decide on parenting issues. 

For more information, visit the Hague Convention's Child Abduction Section at hcch.net.

If your child is in a country with which Canada applies the Hague Convention, you can apply to have your child returned to Canada under the convention if:

• your child is less than 16 years old
• your child was habitually resident in Canada before being wrongfully taken to or retained in another country
• your child was taken to, or is being retained in, that country in violation of your rights of custody or of a court order

The Central Authority in your province or territory will help you determine whether the conditions for applying for the return of your child under the Convention are met. Try to contact your Central Authority as soon as you can after your child has been abducted.

If you meet the conditions to apply, the Central Authority will give you information on the application process, the steps you will have to take, including before the court in the country where your child has been abducted, and the documents you will need.

If you choose to work with your Central Authority, it will send your application to the Central Authority in the country to which your child has been abducted.

The two central authorities work together and with other authorities in their countries to facilitate the return of your child or, in some cases, give you access to your child.

To do this, they will:

• try to find out where your child is
• if possible, help arrange the voluntary return of your child or help you and the other parent come to an agreement
• exchange information with each other relating to the social background of the child and keep each other informed on your case
• give you general information about local laws relating to family law and, where applicable, give you - or help you apply for - free or reduced-fee legal assistance 
• work to remove any obstacles that keep the Hague Convention from being applied
• make administrative arrangements, where necessary, to secure the safe return of the child

Central authorities will try to get the parents to come to an agreement to have the child returned to Canada. Unless you and the other parent agree to a voluntary return of the child, the next step very likely is a hearing in the foreign court to determine if the child should return to Canada.

You may choose to apply directly to the court in the country of abduction for the return of your child, without going through the Central Authority.

The court will determine whether the conditions for the return of your child under the Hague Convention are met. At this point, you may need to hire a lawyer to represent you in court, if you have not already done so.

The court will order the return of your child to their state of habitual residence if:

• the court decides that your child was wrongfully removed or kept in another country that is a Contracting Party under the terms of the Convention
• none of the exceptions in the Convention apply

The Central Authority may help with administrative arrangements that are needed for the safe return of your child. If the other parent does not comply with the order to return your child, you may need to try to have the order enforced.

Note

• Canada cannot enforce an order in another country.

In some cases, a court may refuse to return a child under the Hague Convention. Among other reasons, a court may refuse because:

• the court proceeding started more than a year after the date of the abduction and the child has settled into the new environment
• you were not exercising your rights of custody when the other parent abducted the child
• you gave your consent or later agreed to the child being taken from or kept outside Canada.
• there is a grave risk that returning the child would expose them to physical or psychological harm or put them in an intolerable situation
• the child objects to being returned and is old and mature enough to have a say in the decision

Even if the court refuses your application, you still have other legal options to consider with your lawyer to keep seeking your child’s return:

• You may be able to appeal your case to a higher court in the same country
• You may also try other legal actions in that country; for example, you may ask a court to give you decision-making responsibility and custody of your child under the laws of that country.

Notes

The Hague Convention process may take many months or even years.

Final decisions may depend on local law and regulations and may be challenging to enforce.

Under the Convention, you must have rights of custody.  Although he you may not need a parenting or custody order to apply for a return under the convention, having one may help the authorities in the other country decide whether your child was abducted. You may want to discuss your particular situation with a lawyer.

You may be eligible for free or reduced-fee legal representation in the other country. The other country's Central Authority may provide information on the application process.

Child abductions to countries with which Canada does not apply the Hague Convention are challenging. These countries often differ from Canada in their politics, cultures and religions, and this can make it difficult or impossible to return the child to Canada.

There may be other options you can pursue to seek the return of your child, such as:

• having a Canadian parenting or custody order recognized by a court in the other country
• seeking a new parenting or custody order under the laws of the other country

A lawyer from the other country may help you explore all your options.

Talk to your consular case management officer (CMO), to other organizations involved in your case and to your lawyer. In this situation, hiring a lawyer is a very good idea. In fact, you may need to hire a lawyer in the country where your child is retained and one in Canada.

Laying criminal charges against the abducting parent

In Canada: In some circumstances, laying criminal charges in Canada against the parent might be an option to explore with your lawyer. It is against the law for a parent to abduct their child. Police or prosecutors decide whether to lay charges after you file a complaint.

In the other country: Not all countries consider parental child abduction a criminal act. But if they do, they may be able to prosecute a possible offender for an abduction committed abroad. Any such prosecution, however, will not result in the return of your child to Canada. Your CMO can give you general information on the other country’s criminal justice system and whether it is likely to cooperate in a child abduction case.

Possible benefits

The main benefit of laying criminal charges is that it may give Canadian law enforcement more tools to help locate the abductor in the other country and facilitate their arrest.

Other advantages of laying criminal charges, in either Canada or the other country:

• Police in Canada could ask authorities in the other country to locate and arrest the abductor, and this may also lead to locating the child
• A Canadian judge could issue a nationwide warrant for the abductor’s arrest, improving the chances of finding and arresting them if they are in Canada
• The abductor could decide to return your child voluntarily when informed of the criminal charges
• Posters of your missing child could be broadcast publicly
• The abductor may be extradited to Canada

Possible risks

Criminal charges against the abductor may hurt your efforts to obtain your child’s return to Canada. And there is no guarantee that the other country will be able to locate and arrest the abductor or, if it can locate them, that it will arrest them immediately.

You may also want to consider the following:

• The process of seeking the return of your child is separate from the legal process against the abductor
• You may not be able to stop the criminal process once charges are filed; for example, the abductor may agree to return the child only if criminal charges in Canada are withdrawn-but that decision is up to the Crown prosecutor
• You will still have to go to family court to request permanent changes in the parenting or custody order or agreement
• In Hague Convention cases, a foreign court could take into consideration the fact that the abducting parent will be arrested and face criminal charges upon their return to Canada, which could result in a decision not to return the child
• Abducted children cannot be extradited, and if the country extradites the abductor to Canada, your child may not come with them

The criminal process can be complex and difficult. It may lead to results you did not expect or want. In addition to the concerns listed above, you may also want to consider the following:

• You, your child and your family may need to testify in court if the case goes to trial
• Your child’s feelings toward you may change if you cause the other parent to be arrested, put on trial or imprisoned

If you try to take the child out of the country where they are being held without the permission of the other parent or the local authorities, it may be considered an abduction, which is a crime. Remember:

• the other country may issue arrest warrants and extradition requests
• trying to re-abduct your child could harm future legal steps to seek the return of your child
• you could be arrested, imprisoned or deported from the country and prohibited from visiting your child there again
• re-abduction could provoke yet another abduction by the other parent

Note

Consular officers at Canadian government offices in another country must follow that country’s laws. They cannot help you break the law. For example, they cannot help you re-abduct your child. Nor can they take charge of your child.

GLOBAL AFFAIRS CANADA
Consular Services
125 Sussex Drive
Ottawa ON K1A 0G2
1-800-387-3124 (toll-free from Canada and the United States)
+ 1 613 996 8885 (call collect where available)
sos@international.gc.ca
travel.gc.ca

CANADA’S PASSPORT PROGRAM
Gatineau, QC K1A 0G3
1-800-567-6868 (toll-free from Canada and the United States)
Canada.ca/passport

CANADA BORDER SERVICES AGENCY
+1 204 983 3500
+1 506 636 5064
h0tomcg@cbsa-asfc.gc.ca
cbsa.gc.ca

ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE
National Missing Children Services
CanadasMissing-DisparusCanada@rcmp-grc.gc.ca
canadasmissing.ca

For the contact information of central authorities in other countries, visit hcch.net.

CANADA
Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada as represented by
Justice Legal Services, Global Affairs Canada
125 Sussex Drive
Ottawa ON K1A 0G2
Canada
Fax: +1 (613) 944-0076
Contact person:
Véronique Gervais
+1 (343) 551-1689
veronique.gervais@international.gc.ca

ALBERTA (CALGARY)
Alberta Justice
Legal Services Division
Family and Surrogate Court Litigation
Suite 1660
Standard Life Building
639-5th Avenue SW
Calgary AB T2P 0M9
Canada
+1 (403) 297-3360
Fax: +1 (403) 297-6381
Contact person:
Kim M. Berlin
Kim.berlin@gov.ab.ca

ALBERTA (EDMONTON)
Alberta Justice
13th floor
102A Street Tower
10025-102A Avenue
Edmonton AB T5J 2Z2
Canada
+1 (780) 415-1888
Fax: +1 (780) 427-5914
Contact person:
Vanita PILLAY
vanita.pillay@gov.ab.ca

BRITISH COLUMBIA
Ministry of Justice
Legal Services Branch
PO Box 9280, Station Provincial Government
1001 Douglas Street
Victoria BC V8W 9J7
Canada
BCCentralAuthority@gov.bc.ca
Fax: +1 (250) 356-8992
Contact persons:
Jane Connell
+1 (250) 356-8433
Jillian Stewart
+1 (250) 356-8449
Sharna Kraitberg
+1 (250) 356-8931

MANITOBA
Manitoba Justice
Family Law Section
Legal Services Branch
1230-405 Broadway
Winnipeg MB R3C 3L6
Canada
+1 (204) 945-0268
Fax: +1 (204) 948-2004
flb@gov.mb.ca
Contact person:
Candray Mehkary
+1 (204) 945-5264
Candray.Mehkary@gov.mb.ca

NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR
Attorney General of Newfoundland and Labrador
Department of Justice
4th floor, East Block
Confederation Building
Prince Philip Drive
PO Box 8700
St. John’s NL A1B 4J6
Canada
Contact person:
Heidi Wells
+1 (709) 729-1007
+1 (709) 727-1541
Fax: +1 (709) 729-2129
HeidiWells@gov.nl.ca

NOVA SCOTIA
Department of Justice
Legal Services Division
8th Floor
1690 Hollis Street
PO Box 7
Halifax NS B3J 2L6
Canada
+1 (902) 240-4973
Fax: +1 (902) 424-1730
Contact person:
May S. Knox
May.knox@novascotia.ca

NEW BRUNSWICK
Office of the Attorney General
Family Crown Services
14th floor
Assumption Place
770 Main Street
PO Box 5001
Moncton NB E1C 8R3
Canada
+1 (506) 869-6211
Fax: + (506) 869-6148
moncton.fcs/spcf@gnb.ca
Contact person:
Sonia Doiron

NORTHWEST TERRITORIES
Department of Justice
4903-49th Street
PO Box 1320
Yellowknife NT X1A 2L9
Canada
Contact person:
Mark Ishack
+1 (867) 767-9257, extension 82128
Fax: +1 (867) 873-0234
Mark_Ishack@gov.nt.ca

NUNAVUT
Department of Justice
PO Box 1000, Station 540
Iqaluit NU X0A 0H0
Canada
Contact person:
Shaanzéh Ataullahjan
+1 (867) 975-6523
Fax: + 1 (867) 975-6349
Sataullahjan@gov.nu.ca

ONTARIO
Ministry of the Attorney General
Central Authority for Ontario
Steeles West Post Office
PO Box 600
Toronto ON M3J 0K8
Canada
+1 (416) 240-2411
hague.abduction@ontario.ca
Contact persons:
Vivian Giang
Shane Foulds
Elizabeth Kay
Melanie Llerena
Sharon Wiltshire

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
The Department of Justice and Public Safety Family Law Centre
1 Harbourside Access Road
Charlottetown PE C1A 7J8
Canada
+1 (902) 368-4794
+1 (902) 368-4842
Fax: +1 (902) 368-6474
Contact person:
Jeremy MacDonald
Jeremymacdonald@gov.pe.ca

QUEBEC
Ministère de la Justice
Direction des services professionnels
Entraide internationale
4th floor
1200 route de l’Église
Québec QC G1V 4M1
Canada
enlevement.enfant@justice.gouv.qc.ca

SASKATCHEWAN
Ministry of Justice
Family Justice Services
100-3085 Albert Street
Regina SK S4S 0B1
Canada
+1 (306) 787-5709
Fax: +1 (306) 787-2599
Contact persons:
Kim Newsham
Kim.Newsham@gov.sk.ca
Suneil Sarai
+1 (306) 787-3211
Clair McCashin
+1 (306) 787-2008
Rolande Wright
+1 (306) 787-6513

YUKON
Deputy Minister of Justice
PO Box 2703
Whitehorse YT Y1A 2C6
Canada
+1 (867) 667-5086
Fax: +1 (867) 393-6379
Contact person:
Kelly McGill
Kelly.McGill@gov.yk.ca

The following organizations offer a variety of services with respect to child abductions. Global Affairs Canada takes no responsibility for the services or actions of these organizations.

CANADIAN CENTRE FOR CHILD PROTECTION
615 Academy Road
Winnipeg MB R3N 0E7
1-800-532-9135 (toll-free)
+1-204-560-2083
protectchildren.ca

CHILD FIND BRITISH COLUMBIA
Suite 208
2722 Fifth Street
Victoria BC V8T 4B2
+1-250-382-7311
1-888-689-3463 (toll-free)
childvicbc@shaw.ca

CHILD FIND MANITOBA
343-800 Portage Avenue
Winnipeg MB R3G 0N4
+1-204-945-5735
childmb@aol.com
childfind.mb.ca

CHILD FIND PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
106 Kensington Road
PO Box 21008
Charlottetown PE C1A 9H6
+1-902-566-5935
1-800-387-7962 (toll-free)
childfind@pei.aibn.com

CRIME STOPPERS
1-800-222-8477
canadiancrimestoppers.org

FAMILY MEDIATION CANADA
Box 46003, Quail Ridge PO
Kelowna BC V1V 0B1
1-877-269-2970 (toll-free)
+1 778 674 4362
admin@fmc.ca
fmc.ca

INTERNATIONAL MEDIATION CENTRE FOR FAMILY CONFLICT AND CHILD ABDUCTION
Fasanenstraße 12
10623 Berlin-Charlottenburg
Germany
Phone: +49 0 30 74787879
info@mikk-ev.de
mikk-ev.de

MISSING CHILDREN’S NETWORK
950 Beaumont, Suite 103
Montréal QC H3N 1V5
+1-514-843-4333
1-833-632-4673 (toll-free)
info@missingchildrensnetwork
missingchildrensnetwork.ngo

MISSING CHILDREN SOCIETY OF CANADA
1270 73 Avenue SE
Calgary AB T2H 2V5
+1-403-291-0705
1-800-661-6160 (toll-free)
info@mcsc.ca
mcsc.ca

REUNITE INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION CENTRE
PO Box 7124
Leicester
LE1 7XX
United Kingdom
+44 0 116 255 6234
reunite@dircon.co.uk
Reunite.org

RETURN OUR CHILDREN HOME
contact@returnourchildrenhome.ca
www.returnourchildrenhome.ca

❏ Full name, with alternative spellings, variations and nicknames

❏ Date of birth

❏ Place of birth, including hospital; town; province, territory or state; and country

❏ Address before abduction

❏ Canadian passport number or other Canadian travel document, along with place and date of issue

❏ Details on foreign passport or other travel documents that may have been used

❏ Nationality (include all possible nationalities, even if you are not certain)

❏ Height (measurement and date)

❏ Weight (measurement and date)

❏ Gender

❏ Eye colour

❏ Hair colour (keep hair strands for DNA testing)

❏ Most recent photograph

❏ Identifying features (such as marks, scars, glasses, tattoos, braces)

❏ Medical information

❏ Fingerprints

❏ Dental records

❏ Full name, including alternative spellings, variations and nicknames

❏ Date of birth

❏ Place of birth

❏ Nationality, including foreign citizenship and legal status in Canada (such as citizen, permanent resident, student)

❏ Details on Canadian and/or foreign passport and other identification documents (such as document numbers, issuing offices, dates of issue, expiry dates)

❏ Occupation, including professional certifications

❏ Information on past or present workplace

❏ Phone numbers and current address or other location information

❏ Names and addresses of relatives and friends in Canada and abroad

❏ Date and place of marriage or start of common-law relationship

❏ Date and place of separation or divorce, details of courts involved and documents issued

❏ Marital status at time of abduction

❏ Height

❏ Weight (measurement and date)

❏ Eye colour

❏ Hair colour (keep hair strands for DNA testing)

❏ Most recent photograph

❏ Identifying features (such as marks, scars, glasses, tattoos, braces)

❏ Medical information

❏ Fingerprints

❏ Dental records

❏ Date of departure from Canada or beginning of wrongful retention

❏ Location where child was taken, circumstances and persons involved

❏ Means of transport and route

❏ Legal relationship between you and other parent and living arrangement when abduction occurred

❏ Knowledge or suspicions of where the child might be

❏ Details about other people who may have helped, or continue to help, in the abduction in Canada or abroad

❏ Documentation

❏ Child’s birth certificate

❏ Marriage certificate

❏ Separation or divorce agreements

❏ Parenting or custody order, along with any special arrangements for visitation and travel

❏ Provincial or territorial laws and regulations concerning child welfare and parental time and decision-making responsibility or custody

❏ Text of Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction

❏ Text of sections 281, 282 and 283 of the Criminal Code of Canada relating to parental child abductions

❏ Contact local police and file a missing persons or abduction report

❏ Contact Global Affairs Canada’s Consular Services and ask for help

❏ If you do not have a parenting or custody order or one that prohibits the other parent from travelling with your child without your permission, contact your lawyer to obtain one

❏ Contact the Passport Program to see whether a Canadian passport or another Canadian travel document has been issued to your child and to have your child’s name placed on the System Lookout List

❏ If you and the other parent have joint credit cards or bank accounts, find out whether you are liable for unwanted expenditures and take appropriate action

❏ If your child has dual citizenship or the other parent has ties to another country, tell a diplomatic or consular office of that country in Canada that your child has been abducted and ask whether a passport or visa has been issued to your child

❏ Seek the support of family and friends to help you cope with the situation

❏ Contact local police

❏ Ensure you have certified copies of your parenting or custody court order or agreement

❏ Get information on the family and child welfare laws and customs of the country to which your child has been taken

❏ Investigate the legal aspects of your situation under Canadian law; a lawyer’s advice can greatly help with this

❏ Contact relatives and friends of the other parent in Canada and abroad and seek their support

❏ Tell your child’s school, doctor and (if appropriate) hospital about the abduction and ask them to let you know if the other parent contacts them

❏ Consider obtaining information on where the abducting parent is through various organizations

❏ Contact non-governmental organizations that could help you

After you find your child

❏ Seek advice on whether you need to hire a lawyer in the foreign country

❏ Have a clear idea what the foreign lawyer will do, how long it will take and how much it will cost

❏ Give the foreign lawyer certified copies of relevant documents

❏ Consult with Consular Services to find out whether you will need to travel to the foreign country

Legal proceedings in Canada

❏ Seek advice on how to proceed from the Crown attorney, your lawyer and/or your provincial territorial Central Authority